Cancer Letters
Volume 294, Issue 1 , Pages 74-81 , 1 August 2010

Potentiation of etoposide-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by co-treatment with KG-135, a quality-controlled standardized ginsenoside formulation

Received 20 September 2009 ,Revised 9 January 2010 ,Accepted 20 January 2010.

References 

  1. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, AHFS Drug Information, 2007, 1034p.
  2. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Etopophos Product Information, 2005, 12p.
  3. Hisashi M, Mitsuo K, Tetsuya S, Hiroshi Y, Masato M. Potentiation of cytotoxicity of mitomycin C by a polyacetylenic alcohol, panaxytriol. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1994;33:291–297
  4. Kim SE, Lee YH, Park JH, Lee SK. Ginsenoside-Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21Waf1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:487–491
  5. Oh M, Choi YH, Choi S, Chung H, Kim K, Kim SI, et al. Anti-proliferating effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol. 1999;14:869–875
  6. Cheng CC, Yang SM, Huang CY, Chen JC, Chang WM, Hsu SL. Molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2005;55:531–540
  7. Jin YH, Choi J, Shin S, Lee KY, Park JH, Lee SK. Panaxadiol selectively inhibits cyclin A-associated Cdk2 activity by elevating p21Waf1/Cip1 protein levels in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24:1767–1772
  8. Yun TK. Experimental and epidemiological evidence of the cancer preventive effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Nutr. Rev. 1996;54:S71–S81(Review)
  9. Yun TK, Choi SY. Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case control study on pairs. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:401–408
  10. Wang CZ, Aung HH, Ni M, Wu JA, Tong R, Wicks S, et al. Red American ginseng: ginsenoside constituents and antiproliferative activities of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius Roots. Planta Med. 2007;73:669–674
  11. Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, Kim SI, Yun HY. Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active compounds. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2001;16:S6–S18
  12. Kim SE, Lee YH, Park JH, Lee SK. Ginsenoside-Rs4, a new type of ginseng saponin concurrently induces apoptosis and selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21Waf1 in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells. Eur. J. Cancer. 1999;35:507–511
  13. Lee KY, Lee YH, Kim SI, Park JH, Lee SK. Ginsenoside-Rg5 suppresses cyclin E-dependent protein kinase activity via up-regulating p21Waf1/Cip1 and down-regulating cyclin E in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res. 1997;17:1067–1072
  14. Lee KY, Park JA, Chung E, Lee YH, Kim SI, Lee SK. Ginsenoside-Rh2 blocks the cell cycle of SK-HEP-1 cells at the G1/S boundary by selectively inducing the protein expression of p27Kip1. Cancer Lett. 1996;110:193–200
  15. Kwon SW, Han SB, Park IH, Kim JM, Park MK, Park JH. Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. J. Chromatogr. A. 2001;921:335–339
  16. Ashcroft M, Vousden KH. Regulation of p53 stability. Oncogene. 1999;18:7637–7643
  17. Appella E, Anderson CW. Post-translational modifications and activation of p53 by genotoxic stresses. Eur. J. Biochem. 2001;268:2764–2772
  18. Lavin MF, Gueven N. The complexity of p53 stabilization and activation. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13:941–950
  19. Pu YS, Hsieh MW, Wang CW, Liu GY, Huang CY, Lin CC, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (PD168393) potentiates cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel against androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006;71:751–760
  20. Zhang X, Yashiro M, Ren J, Hirakawa K. Histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, increases the chemosensitivity of anticancer drugs in gastric cancer cell lines. Oncol. Rep. 2006;16:563–568
  21. Awara WM, El-Sisi AE, El-Sayad ME, Goda AE. The potential role of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in the treatment of experimentally-induced mammary tumour: does celecoxib enhance the anti-tumour activity of doxorubicin?. Pharmacol.. Res. 2004;50:487–498
  22. Steele RJ, Thompson AM, Hall PA, Lane DP. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Brit. J. Surg. 1998;11:1460–1467
  23. Canman CE, Lim DS, Cimprich KA, Taya Y, Tamai K, Sakaguchi K, et al. Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. Science. 1998;281:1677–1679
  24. Banin S, Moyal L, Shieh SY, Taya Y, Anderson CW, Chessa L, et al. Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science. 1998;281:1674–1677
  25. Nakagawa K, Taya Y, Tamai K, Yamaizumi M. Requirement of ATM in phosphorylation of the human p53 protein at serine 15 following DNA double-strand breaks. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999;19:2828–2834
  26. Shieh SY, Ikeda M, Taya Y, Prives C. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2. Cell. 1997;91:325–334
  27. Zhang Y, Xiong Y. A p53 amino-terminal nuclear export signal inhibited by DNA damage-induced phosphorylation. Science. 2001;292:1910–1915
  28. Khanna KK, Keating KE, Kozlov S, Scott S, Gatei M, Hobson K, et al. ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: mapping the region of interaction. Nat. Genet. 1998;20:398–400
  29. Apella E, Anderson CW. Post-translational modifications and activation of p53 by genotoxic stresses. Eur. J. Biochem. 2001;268:2764–2772
  30. Saito S, Yamaguchi H, Higashimoto Y, Chao C, Xu Y, Fornace AJ, et al. Phosphorylation site interdependence of human p53 post-translational modifications in response to stress. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:37536–37544

PII: S0304-3835(10)00050-9

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.024

Cancer Letters
Volume 294, Issue 1 , Pages 74-81 , 1 August 2010