Cancer Letters
Volume 243, Issue 2 , Pages 145-159, 18 November 2006

Breast cancer markers

Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Received 6 December 2005; received in revised form 25 January 2006; accepted 26 January 2006.

Abstract 

This review illustrates the relationships linking the ER and the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their kinase pathways in breast cancer. The central role of the ER in activating tumour growth linked gene transcription as well as the cooperating nuclear co-factors very likely implicated in breast cancer tumourigenesis is discussed. The action of ErbB family members has been located upstream of the kinase pathways that begin at plasma membrane and end at the nucleus after complex interconnections with many factors, such as AP-1. The important role of MAPKs and PKB/Akt in cell survival and tumour proliferation is highlighted. Also other factors are discussed such as Fra-1 (a member of the AP-1 complex), E-cadherin (a tumour suppressor), and BRCA1 (another factor involved in tumour growth inhibition). Lactoferrin protein (characteristic of healthy tissues) and resistance proteins have also been briefly discussed.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Markers, Kinases

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PII: S0304-3835(06)00078-4

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.035

Cancer Letters
Volume 243, Issue 2 , Pages 145-159, 18 November 2006

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