Next »
Cancer Letters
Volume 238, Issue 2
, Pages 161-167
, 18 July 2006
The roles of Chk 1 and Chk 2 in hypoxia and reoxygenation
References
- Intratumoral pO2 predicts survival in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Radiother. Oncol. 1993;26:45–50
- Intratumoral pO2 histography as predictive assay in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 345 (1994) 445–450.
- Association between tumor hypoxia and malignant progression in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Cancer. Res. 1996;56:4509–4515
- . Therapeutic angiogenesis. Arch. Surg. 1993;128:423–429
- Tumor hypoxia in pelvic recurrences of cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;79:365–369
- . Hypoxic cervical cancers with low apoptotic index are highly aggressive. Cancer. Res. 1999;59:4525–4528
- Down-regulation of Rad51 and decreased homologous recombination in hypoxic cancer cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004;24:8504–8518
- . Genetic instability and the tumor microenvironment: towards the concept of microenvironment-induced mutagenesis. Mutat. Res. 2005;569:75–85
- . The unique physiology of solid tumors: opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy. Cancer. Res. 1998;58:1408–1416
- . Exploiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2004;4:437–447
- . The role of ATM and ATR in the cellular response to hypoxia and re-oxygenation. DNA Repair (Amst). 2004;3:1117–1122
- . ATR/ATM targets are phosphorylated by ATR in response to hypoxia and ATM in response to reoxygenation. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:12207–12213
- . The role of ATM in DNA damage responses and cancer. Oncogene. 1998;17:3301–3308
- . The many substrates and functions of ATM. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2000;1:179–186
- . Essential and dispensable roles of ATR in cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance. Genes Dev. 2003;17:615–628
- ATR disruption leads to chromosomal fragmentation and early embryonic lethality. Genes Dev. 14 (2000) 397–402.
- Regulation of p53 by hypoxia: dissociation of transcriptional repression and apoptosis from p53-dependent transactivation. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001;21:1297–1310
- . Hypoxia links ATR and p53 through replication arrest. Mol. Cell Biol. 2002;22:1834–1843
- Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Science. 1999;286:2528–2531
- Destabilization of CHK2 by a missense mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Cancer Res. 2001;61:8062–8067
- p53, CHK2, and CHK1 genes in Finnish families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Further evidence of CHK2 in inherited cancer predisposition. Cancer Res. 2001;61:5718–5722
- DNA damage-induced activation of p53 by the checkpoint kinase Chk2. Science. 2000;287:1824–1827
- . The Chk2 tumor suppressor is not required for p53 responses in human cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;
- Methylator-induced, mismatch repair-dependent G2 arrest is activated through Chk1 and Chk2. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2005;16:1513–1526
- Sulforaphane-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest involves checkpoint kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of cell division cycle 25C. J. Biol. Chem. 2004;279:25813–25822
- . Two molecularly distinct G(2)/M checkpoints are induced by ionizing irradiation. Mol. Cell Biol. 2002;22:1049–1059
- . Small contribution of G1 checkpoint control manipulation to modulation of p53-mediated apoptosis. Oncogene. 1998;16:957–966
- . A central role for DNA replication forks in checkpoint activation and response. Mol. Cell. 2003;11:1323–1336
- . G2 checkpoint abrogators as anticancer drugs. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2004;3:513–519
- . Targeting the checkpoint kinases: chemosensitization versus chemoprotection. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2004;4:216–225
- . Inhibition of ATR Leads to Increased Sensitivity to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Cancer Res. 2004;64:6556–6562
- The DNA replication checkpoint response stabilizes stalled replication forks. Nature. 2001;412:557–561
- . ATR regulates fragile site stability. Cell. 2002;111:779–789
- Inhibition of Chk1 by CEP-3891 accelerates mitotic nuclear fragmentation in response to ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 2004;64:9035–9040
- Chk1 regulates the S phase checkpoint by coupling the physiological turnover and ionizing radiation-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A. Cancer Cell. 2003;3:247–258
- Inhibition of human Chk1 causes increased initiation of DNA replication, phosphorylation of ATR targets, and DNA breakage. Mol. Cell Biol. 2005;25:3553–3562
- The cell-cycle checkpoint kinase Chk1 is required for mammalian homologous recombination repair. Nat. Cell Biol. 2005;7:195–201
- An ATR- and Chk1-dependent S checkpoint inhibits replicon initiation following UVC-induced DNA damage. Mol. Cell Biol. 2002;22:8552–8561
- Rad51-deficient vertebrate cells accumulate chromosomal breaks prior to cell death. Embo. J. 1998;17:598–608
- . p21 (Cip 1) and p27(Kip1) regulate cell cycle reentry after hypoxic stress but are not necessary for hypoxia-induced arrest. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001;21:1196–1206
- Different roles for nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination following replication arrest in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 2002;22:5869–5878
- Nbs1 is essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination in higher vertebrate cells. Nature. 2002;420:93–98
- . Comparison of hypoxia-induced replication arrest with hydroxyurea and aphidicolin-induced arrest. Mutat. Res. 2003;532:205–213
- . Medicine: Aborting the birth of cancer. Nature. 2005;434:829–830
- Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and genomic instability in human precancerous lesions. Nature. 2005;434:907–913
- DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis. Nature. 2005;434:864–870
- . Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer. Nature. 2004;432:316–323
- Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature. 1996;379:88–91
- . Acceleration of the G1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system. Mol. Cell Biol. 1994;14:1669–1679
- . ORC and the intra-S-phase checkpoint: a threshold regulates Rad53p activation in S phase. Genes Dev. 2002;16:3236–3252
- c-Myc can induce DNA damage, increase reactive oxygen species, and mitigate p53 function: A mechanism for oncogene-induced genetic instability. Mol. Cell. 2002;9:1031–1044
- . Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA–ssDNA complexes. Science. 2003;300:1542–1548
- . ATR and ATRIP: Partners in checkpoint signaling. Science. 2001;294:1713–1716
- . Fragile sites: Breaking up over a slowdown. Curr. Biol. 2003;13:R231–R233
- . ATR-mediated checkpoint pathways regulate phosphorylation and activation of human Chk1. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001;21:4129–4139
- . and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:155–168
PII: S0304-3835(05)00566-5
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.029
Next »
Cancer Letters
Volume 238, Issue 2
, Pages 161-167
, 18 July 2006
