Next »
Cancer Letters
Volume 234, Issue 2
, Pages 109-123
, 28 March 2006
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in apoptosis of prostate cancer cells
References
- . Newly recognized GnRH receptors: function and relative role. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;15:383–392
- . Genomics view of gonadotrope signaling circuits. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;15:331–338
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors. Endocr. Rev. 2004;25:235–275
- . Molecular biology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II and their receptors in humans. Endocr. Rev. 2004;
- . Gonadotropin secretion and its control. In: Knobil E, Neill JD editor. The Physiology of Reproduction. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988;p. 1349–1377
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs. Annu. Rev. Med. 1994;45:391–405
- . Clinical uses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1991;144:153–158
- . The use of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists and antagonists in gynaecological cancers. Hum. Reprod. 1994;9:1364–1379
- . Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists. A guide to use and selection. Drugs. 1994;48:41–58
- . Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: current status and future prospects. Prostate. 2004;61:332–353
- . Direct effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists on MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1992;89:2336–2339
- . The genes for gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor are expressed in human breast with fibrocystic disease and cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1997;71:595–599
- High affinity binding and direct antiproliferative effects of LHRH analogues in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 1993;53:5439–5446
- . Detection and partial characterization of receptors for [D-Trp6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor in human endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1990;50:1841–1846
- . The expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in endometrial cancer, and its relevance as an autocrine growth factor. Cancer Res. 1996;56:2059–2065
- . Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor mRNA in prostate cancer cells and effect of GnRH on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Urol Res. 1998;26:259–264
- . The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human prostate cancer cells: messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular size, and signal transduction pathway. Endocrinology. 1999;140:5250–5256
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in the human prostate. Prostate. 2001;47:276–284
- . Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin and antagonist cetrorelix inhibit EGF-induced c-fos expression in human gynecological cancers. Gynecol. Oncol. 2000;78:194–202
- . Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the mitogenic activity of the insulin-like growth factor system in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Endocrinology. 1999;140:329–334
- . LHRH might act as a negative autocrine regulator of proliferation of human ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2000;142:665–670
- . LHRH analogues as anticancer agents: pituitary and extrapituitary sites of action. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2001;10:709–720
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells: role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Cancer Res. 2004;64:5736–5744
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists promote proapoptotic signaling in peripheral reproductive tumor cells by activating a Galphai-coupling state of the type I GnRH receptor. Cancer Res. 2004;64:7533–7544
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-mediated growth suppression of immortalized LbetaT2 gonadotrope and stable HEK293 cell lines. Endocrinology. 2004;145:194–204
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: one polypeptide regulates secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Science. 1971;173:1036–1038
- . Evolutionary development of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) systems in vertebrates. Brain Res. Bull. 2002;57:413–418
- . Molecular mechanisms of ligand interaction with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Endocr. Rev. 1997;18:180–205
- Identification of three putative GnRH receptor subtypes in vertebrates. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 1998;112:296–302
- . Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding the murine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1992;267:21281–21284
- Cloning and functional expression of a mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 1992;6:1163–1169
- . A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor specific for GnRH II in primates. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001;282:1012–1018
- . The genes encoding the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and the ribonucleoprotein RBM8A in humans overlap in two genomic loci. Genomics. 2001;78:15–18
- . GnRH II and type II GnRH receptors. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2003;14:35–43
- Three distinct types of GnRH receptor characterized in the bullfrog. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2001;98:361–366
- . Signal transduction mechanisms of Ca2+mobilizing hormones: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocr. Rev. 1990;11:326–353
- . Control of calcium spiking frequency in pituitary gonadotrophs by a single-pool cytoplasmic oscillator. Mol. Pharmacol. 1994;45:1013–1021
- . GnRH signalling pathways and GnRH-induced homologous desensitization in a gonadotrope cell line (alphaT3-1). Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1998;142:99–117
- Mechanism of GnRH receptor signaling on gonadotropin release and gene expression in pituitary gonadotrophs. Vitam. Horm. 2001;63:63–90
- . Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2000;11:91–99
- . Signalling, cycling and desensitisation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors. J. Endocrinol. 2002;173:1–11
- . Intracellular signaling pathways mediated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. Arch. Med. Res. 2001;32:499–509
- . Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Src, but not Jun N-terminal kinase, are involved in basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated activity of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter. Endocrinology. 2003;144:612–622
- . A role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating activation of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995;15:3531–3539
- . Activation of MAPK cascades by GnRH: ERK and Jun N-terminal kinase are involved in basal and GnRH-stimulated activity of the glycoprotein hormone LHbeta-subunit promoter. Endocrinology. 2002;143:1018–1025
- . Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and c-Src are involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated activity of the glycoprotein hormone follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit promoter. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2228–2244
- . Transcriptional activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene by GnRH: involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways. Endocrinology. 1999;140:358–364
- . Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in ovarian cancer. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003;1:65
- . Matrix metalloproteinases in reproductive endocrinology. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;15:47–49
- . Role of dynamin, Src, and Ras in the protein kinase C-mediated activation of ERK by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:4554–4563
- Stimulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary alpha T3-1 cell line is mediated by protein kinase C, c-Src, and CDC42. Mol. Endocrinol. 1998;12:815–824
- . Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 1999;140:1310–1318
- . New mechanisms in heptahelical receptor signaling to mitogen activated protein kinase cascades. Oncogene. 2001;20:1532–1539
- . c-Src is activated by the epidermal growth factor receptor in a pathway that mediates JNK and ERK activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in COS7 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:32618–32630
- . Neuropeptide-induced transactivation of a neuronal epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated by metalloprotease-dependent formation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 2004;279:414–420
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples to multiple G proteins in rat gonadotrophs and in GGH3 cells: evidence from palmitoylation and overexpression of G proteins. Biol. Reprod. 1998;59:579–586
- . Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin provoke differential effects on luteinizing hormone release, inositol phosphate production, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor binding in the gonadotrope: evidence for multiple guanyl nucleotide binding proteins in GnRH action. Endocrinology. 1993;132:2124–2130
- . Antiproliferative signaling of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells through G protein alpha(I)-mediated activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase. Endocrinology. 2001;142:2369–2380
- . Coupling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to Gi protein in human reproductive tract tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996;81:3249–3253
- . Gi protein activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated protein dephosphorylation in human endometrial carcinoma. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1997;176:371–376
- . Signaling and antiproliferative effects mediated by GnRH receptors after expression in breast cancer cells using recombinant adenovirus. Endocrinology. 2001;142:4663–4672
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone initiates multiple signaling pathways in human GH-secreting adenomas. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2004;27:328–333
- . An agonist-induced switch in G protein coupling of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor regulates pulsatile neuropeptide secretion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2003;100:2969–2974
- . Involvement of both G(q/11) and G(s) proteins in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-mediated signaling in L beta T2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:32099–32108
- . A conserved tyrosine residue (Y601) in transmembrane domain 5 of the human thyrotropin receptor serves as a molecular switch to determine G-protein coupling. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. J. 1998;12:1461–1471
- Coupling of the PTH/PTHrP receptor to multiple G-proteins. Direct demonstration of receptor activation of Gs, Gq/11, and Gi(1) by [alpha-32P]GTP-gamma-azidoanilide photoaffinity labeling. Endocrine. 1998;8:201–209
- . Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase mediates Ras activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275:12251–12260
- . Cancer statistics, 2000, CA. Cancer J. Clin. 2000;50:7–33
- . Development of prostate cancer treatment: the good news. Prostate. 2004;58:211–224
- . Major impact of hormonal therapy in localized prostate cancer-death can already be an exception. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2004;92:327–344
- . Treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 1997;20:40–45
- Detection of mRNA expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in normal and neoplastic rat prostates. Int. J. Oncol. 2001;19:1193–1201
- . Rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: tissue expression and hormonal regulation of its mRNA. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1994;101:151–157
- Effects of triptorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, on the human prostatic cell lines PC3 and LNCaP. J. Androl. 2000;21:549–557
- . Antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists on the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992;75:207–212
- . Inhibitory effects of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the growth of the androgen-independent Dunning R-3327-AT-1 rat prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1994;59:51–55
- . Regression of nitrosamine-induced pancreatic cancers in hamsters treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists or agonists. Cancer Res. 1990;50:3716–3721
- . Growth factors in steroid-responsive prostatic tumor cells. Steroids. 1996;61:222–225
- . Role of growth factors, steroid and peptide hormones in the regulation of human prostatic tumor growth. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1996;56:107–111
- Growth-inhibitory effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on xenografts of the DU 145 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;76:506–511
- . Cell death in development. Cell. 1999;96:245–254
- . Molecular mechanisms of caspase regulation during apoptosis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004;5:897–907
- . Death receptor-induced cell killing. Cell Signal. 2004;16:139–144
- . Cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2004;73:87–106
- Bcl-2 undergoes phosphorylation by c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinases in the presence of the constitutively active GTP-binding protein Rac1. J. Biol. Chem. 1997;272:25238–25242
- . BCL-2 is phosphorylated and inactivated by an ASK1/Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway normally activated at G(2)/M. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999;19:8469–8478
- . A JNK-dependent pathway is required for TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Cell. 2003;115:61–70
- . Activation of the JNK signaling pathway: breaking the brake on apoptosis. Bioessays. 2003;25:17–24
- The expression profile for the tumour suppressor gene PTEN and associated polymorphic markers. Br. J. Cancer. 2000;82:1671–1676
- . Frequent inactivation of PTEN in prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts. Cancer Res. 1998;58:2720–2723
- Reverse phase protein microarrays which capture disease progression show activation of pro-survival pathways at the cancer invasion front. Oncogene. 2001;20:1981–1989
- . Immunohistochemical demonstration of phospho-Akt in high Gleason grade prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002;8:1168–1171
- . Phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) is an excellent predictor of poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64:5232–5236
- . The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway is a dominant growth factor-activated cell survival pathway in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1999;59:2891–2897
- Increased AKT activity contributes to prostate cancer progression by dramatically accelerating prostate tumor growth and diminishing p27Kip1 expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275:24500–24505
- . Inhibition of protein kinase B/Akt. implications for cancer therapy. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002;93:243–251
- . Antiapoptotic signaling in LNCaP prostate cancer cells: a survival signaling pathway independent of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and Akt/protein kinase B. Cancer Res. 1999;59:1449–1453
- . Protein kinase C promotes apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells through activation of p38 MAPK and inhibition of the Akt survival pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:33753–33762
- TRAIL receptor-2 signals apoptosis through FADD and caspase-8. Nat. Cell Biol. 2000;2:241–243
- Constitutively active Akt is an important regulator of TRAIL sensitivity in prostate cancer. Oncogene. 2001;20:6073–6083
- . GnRH antagonists in the treatment of gynecological and breast cancers. Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2003;10:291–299
- Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth inhibition of a human ovarian cancer cell line. Cancer Res. 1999;59:5133–5142
- Antitumor effect of GnRH agonist in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;74:170–180
- . Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induces JunD-DNA binding and extends cell cycle in human ovarian cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:11–15
- . Mouse JunD negatively regulates fibroblast growth and antagonizes transformation by ras. Cell. 1994;76:747–760
- . Fas and Fas ligand system may mediate antiproliferative activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in endometrial cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol. 1998;13:97–100
- . Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) inhibits apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agent and UV-light but not apoptosis mediated through CD95 in human ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2004;24:1727–1732
- . Internalization of cytotoxic analog AN-152 of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induces apoptosis in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines independent of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) system. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004;191:1164–1172
- . Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;87:1427–1430
- . Expression and antiproliferative effect of a second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in normal and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelial cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001;86:5075–5078
- . Type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;89:3020–3026
- . A prospective, randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus estrogen-progestin or progestin ‘add-back’ regimens for women with leiomyomata uteri. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1993;76:1439–1445
- . Down-regulation of proliferation and up-regulation of apoptosis by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cultured uterine leiomyoma cells. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2002;146:447–456
- . Suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998;83:1253–1255
- . Fas and its ligand, caspases, and bcl-2 expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-treated uterine leiomyoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;87:4580–4586
- Molecular mechanisms involved in GnRH analogue-related apoptosis for uterine leiomyomas. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2004;10:43–48
- . Bad, a heterodimeric partner for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death. Cell. 1995;80:285–291
- . Inhibition of growth of human mammary tumor cells by potent antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1989;86:1648–1651
- Influence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists on human mammary carcinoma cell lines and their xenografts. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1991;38:119–126
- Inhibition of growth of MCF-7 MIII human breast carcinoma in nude mice by treatment with agonists or antagonists of LH-RH. Breast. Cancer Res. Treat. 1992;21:35–45
- . Inhibitory effect of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75 on the growth of MCF-7 MIII human breast cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice. Cancer. 1994;73:1229–1238
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues inhibit cell proliferation and activate signal transduction pathways in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Tumour Biol. 1991;12:61–67
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist triptorelin inhibits estradiol-induced serum response element (SRE) activation and c-fos expression in human endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer cells. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004;151:619–628
- . Effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs containing cytotoxic radicals on growth of estrogen-independent MXT mouse mammary carcinoma in vivo. Anticancer Drugs. 1992;3:109–116
- . Two forms of GnRH are expressed in human breast tissue and overexpressed in breast cancer: a putative mechanism for the antiproliferative effect of GnRH by down-regulation of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins P1 and P2. Cancer Res. 2002;62:1036–1044
- . Hormonal interactions in ovarian cancer. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 1999;141:1–14
- . Chemotherapy targeted to cancers through tumoral hormone receptors. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;15:300–310
- . Cancer chemotherapy based on targeting of cytotoxic peptide conjugates to their receptors on tumors. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1999;141:1–14
- . In vitro targeting of a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207 to ES-2 human ovarian cancer cells as demonstrated by microsatellite analyses. Anticancer Drugs. 2001;12:71–78
- . Effective treatment of metastatic MDA-MB-435 human estrogen-independent breast carcinomas with a targeted cytotoxic analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000;6:4158–4165
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue conjugates with strong selective antitumor activity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1999;96:2361–2366
- Binding and cytotoxicity of conjugated and recombinant fusion proteins targeted to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Cancer Res. 2004;64:2090–2095
- . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-coupled gene network organization. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:47195–47201
- . Identification of distinct gene expression profiles associated with treatment of LbetaT2 cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist using microarray analysis. Gene. 2003;308:67–77
PII: S0304-3835(05)00202-8
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.02.038
© 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Next »
Cancer Letters
Volume 234, Issue 2
, Pages 109-123
, 28 March 2006
