Cancer Letters
Volume 226, Issue 1 , Pages 85-90 , 8 August 2005

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in early gastric carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathological parameters

  • Seiji Onogawa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Yasuhiko Kitadai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +81 82 257 5193; fax: +81 82 257 5194.
  • ,
  • Toru Amioka

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Michiyo Kodama

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Songde Cho

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Tsuyoshi Kuroda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Takehiko Ochiumi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Shigeru Kimura

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Toshio Kuwai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
  • ,
  • Shinji Tanaka

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
  • ,
  • Kazuaki Chayama

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan

Received 21 September 2004 ,Revised 29 November 2004 ,Accepted 15 December 2004.

References 

  1. Noguchi Y, Yoshikawa T, Tsuburaya A, Motohashi H, Karpeh MS, Brennan MF. Is gastric carcinoma different between Japan and the United States?. Cancer. 2000;11:2237–2246
  2. Maehara Y, Orita H, Okuyama T, Moriguchi S, Tsujitani S, Korenaga D, et al. Predictors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Br. J. Surg. 1992;79:245–247
  3. Inoue K, Tobe T, Kan N, Nio Y, Sakai M, Takeuchi E, et al. Problems in the definition and treatment of early gastric cancer. Br. J. Surg. 1991;78:818–821
  4. Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, Ono H, Nakanishi Y, Shimoda T, et al. Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer. 2000;3:219–225
  5. Gotoda T, Sasako M, Ono H, Katai H, Sano T, Shimoda T. Evaluation of the necessity for gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for patient with submucosal invasive gastric cancer. Br. J. Surg. 2001;88:444–449
  6. Berse B, Brown LF, VandeWater L, Dvorak HF, Senger DR. Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene is expressed differentially in normal tissues, macrophages, and tumors. Mol. Biol. Cell. 1992;3:211–220
  7. Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L, Leung DW. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr. Rev. 1992;13:18–32
  8. Veikkola T, Alitalo K. VEGFs, receptors and angiogenesis. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1999;9:211–220
  9. Kaipainen A, Korhonen J, Mustonen T, vanHinsbergh VW, Fang GH, Dumont D, et al. Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1995;92:3566–3570
  10. Joukov V, Sorsa T, Kumar V, Jeltsch M, Claesson-Welsh L, Cao Y, et al. Proteolytic processing regulates receptor specificity and activity of VEGF-C. Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 1997;16:3898–3911
  11. Stacker SA, Stenvers K, Caesar C, Vitali A, Domagala T, Nice E, et al. Biosynthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor-D involves proteolytic processing which generates non-covalent homodimers. J. Biol. Chem. 1999;274:32127–32136
  12. Kitadai Y, Amioka T, Haruma K, Tanaka S, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, et al. Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer. 2001;93:662–666
  13. Amioka T, Kitadai Y, Tanaka S, Haruma K, Yoshihara M, Yasui W, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression predicts lymph node metastasis of human gastric carcinomas invading the submucosa. Eur. J. Cancer. 2002;38:1413–1419
  14. Furudoi A, Tanaka S, Haruma K, Kitadai Y, Yoshihara M, Chayama K, et al. Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor C expression and angiogenesis at the deepest invasive site of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Oncology. 2002;62:157–166
  15. Stacker SA, Caesar C, Baldwin ME, Thornton GE, Williams RA, Prevo R, et al. VEGF-D promotes the metastatic spread of tumor cells via the lymphatics. Nat. Med. 2001;7:186–191
  16. Niki T, Iba S, Tokunou M, Yamada T, Matsuno Y, Hirohashi S. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factors A, B, C, and D and their relationships to lymph node status in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000;6:2431–2439
  17. O-charoenrat P, Rhys-Evans P, Eccles SA. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates with lymph node metastasis. Cancer. 2001;92:556–568
  18. George ML, Tutton MG, Janssen F, Arnaout A, Abulafi AM, Eccles SA, et al. VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D in colorectal cancer progression. Neoplasia. 2001;3:420–427
  19. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association . Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma—2nd English edition. Gastric Cancer. 1998;1:10–24
  20. Onogawa S, Kitadai Y, Tanaka S, Kuwai T, Kimura S, Chayama K. Expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D at the invasive edge correlates with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2004;95:32–39
  21. Weidner N, Semple JP, Welch WR, Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis—correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991;324:1–8
  22. Karpanen T, Egeblad M, Karkkainen MJ, Kubo H, Yla-Herttuala S, Jaattela M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis and intralymphatic tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2001;61:1786–1790
  23. White JD, Hewett PW, Kosuge D, McCulloch T, Enholm BC, Carmichael J, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression is an independent prognostic marker for survival in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2002;62:1669–1675
  24. Zeng Y, Opeskin K, Baldwin ME, Horvath LG, Achen MG, Stacker SA, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 by lymphatic endothelial cells is associated with lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004;10:5137–5144
  25. Ishikawa M, Kitayama J, Kazama S, Nagawa H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D (VEGF-C and -D) is an important risk factor for lymphatic metastasis in undifferentiated early gastric carcinoma. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003;33:21–27

PII: S0304-3835(04)00994-2

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.030

Cancer Letters
Volume 226, Issue 1 , Pages 85-90 , 8 August 2005